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RIFIUTI2(1) | MS Windows recycle bin analysis tool | RIFIUTI2(1) |
NAME¶
rifiuti2 - MS Windows recycle bin analysis toolSYNOPSIS¶
rifiuti [-hvz] [-x | [-8n] [-t delim]] [-l codepage] [-o outfile] filename rifiuti-vista [-hvz] [-x | [-8n] [-t delim]] [-o outfile] file_or_directoryDESCRIPTION¶
Rifiuti2 analyse recycle bin files from Windows. Analysis of Windows recycle bin is usually carried out during Windows computer forensics. Rifiuti2 can extract file deletion time, original path and size of deleted files and whether the deleted files have been moved out from the recycle bin since they are trashed. Rifiuti2 supports a wide range of Windows versions, from Windows 98 to Windows 10. The command used for analysis depends on the version of Windows producing the recycle bin ( not the version of users´ system!), which uses vastly different format before and after Vista:- •
- rifiuti-vista: For Vista or later, which is located in \$Recycle.bin\ <SID>\. Each deleted file has its own accompanied index file remembering the original path, file size and deletion time. If original file is permanentsly deleted, so is the index file.
- •
- rifiuti: For Windows 98 to XP, which uses a single index file named INFO2 under either \RECYCLED\ or \RECYCLER\ <SID>\ (depending on filesystem). This file keeps track record for deletion status and info for all deleted items, including those permanently removed or restored.
2014-12-25 15:00:00
2014-12-25T15:00:00Z
It would be easier for spreadsheet programs to interpret first format.
File size and file path are self-explanatory, but there are some special notes.
File size can mean the real size of deleted file, or the cluster size it
occupies on filesystem, depending on recycle bin format. File path might not
always be displayable on local system because it might contain characters from
other localized version of Windows.
OPTIONS¶
- -o, --output=FILE
- Write output to FILE.
- -x, --xml
- Output in XML format instead of tab-delimited values. With XML mode, all plain text options are disallowed, and result is always in UTF-8 encoding. See below for plain text options.
- -l, --legacy-filename=CODEPAGE
- Show legacy filename if available (like “D:\Progra~1\”), and specify the CODEPAGE used in the Windows system producing this INFO2 file. Any encodings supported by iconv(1) can be used, though for maximum accuracy of file name results, it is better to stick with Microsoft codepages (such as CP850 or CP1252 for west European version, CP932 for Japanese, etc).
Note: This option is mandatory if INFO2 file is
created by Windows 98. This option does not exist in rifiuti-vista.
- -z, --localtime
- Present deletion time in numeric time zone of local system running the program. By default, UTC time is displayed, which is the time value recorded in index files. Using the X´mas example above, the time for Berlin (without daylight saving time) would be 2014-12-25T16:00:00+0100 in ISO 8601 format.
Note: It is possible to use any timezone of
users´ choice by setting $TZ environment variable, though not
recommended. See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE section below.
PLAIN TEXT OUTPUT OPTIONS¶
- -t, --delimiter=STRING
- String to use as delimiter (TAB by default). Several escaped characters are recognised: \r (CARRIAGE RETURN), \n (NEW LINE), \t (TAB), \f (FORM FEED), \v (VERTICAL TAB), \e (ESCAPE)
- -n, --no-heading
- Don´t show recycle bin path name, version and header for each field
- -8, --always-utf8
- Always display result in UTF-8 encoding
MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS¶
- -v, --version
- Print version information and exit.
- -h, --help
- Show help options and exit.
- --help-all
- Show all help options and exit.
- --help-text
- Show plain text output options and exit.
EXAMPLES¶
- rifiuti-vista -x -z -o result.xml \case\S-1-2-3\
Scan for index files under \case\S-1-2-3\, adjust all
deletion time for local time zone, and write XML output to result.xml
- rifiuti-vista -n -8 \case\S-1-2-3\
- Show tab-delimited result on screen in UTF-8 encoding without header
- rifiuti-vista -t '\r\n' \case\S-1-2-3\$IF96NJ3.rtf
- Only analyse a single index file and print each field in its own line
- rifiuti -t ',' -o result.csv INFO2
- Change tab-delimited result to comma-delimited and write to result.csv
- rifiuti -l CP1255 -8 -n INFO2
Read INFO2 from Hebrew version of Windows, display 8.3
file names on screen in UTF-8 encoding without header
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES¶
The following environment variables affect execution of program:- CHARSET, LC_CTYPE
If recycle bin path contains non-ASCII character, these
variables affect how they are displayed. UTF-8 capable systems are recommended
to set CHARSET=UTF-8 or use appropriate UTF-8 values for LC_CTYPE explicitly,
otherwise path might be displayed in Universal Character Name sequences like
\u1234.
- RIFIUTI_DEBUG
Setting it to any non-empty value would cause programs to
print more debugging output to stderr.
- TZ
If non-empty, indicate user-specified time zone when
-z option is used. Normally the time zone information is obtained from
system and there is no need to set this variable. However, it can be used as a
facility to temporarily override timezone for some programs, which can be used
for situations like constructing timeline event.
This value is OS dependent. For example, for timezone in Los Angeles, the value
for Windows is “PST8PDT”, while corresponding value on Linux
would be “America/Los_Angeles”. Please consult manual for your
operating system for more info.
Please see BUGS section below for problems when using this
variable.
EXIT STATUS¶
Both programs return 0 on success, and >0 if error occurs. However rifiuti-vista is more permissive: it still returns success if some (not all) of index files are invalid.HISTORY¶
Rifiuti2 is a rewrite of rifiuti, a tool of identical purpose written by Foundstone which was later purchased by McAfee. Quoting from the original FoundStone page:Many computer crime investigations require the
reconstruction of a subject´s Recycle Bin. Since this analysis
technique is executed regularly, we researched the structure of the data found
in the Recycle Bin repository files (INFO2 files). Rifiuti, the Italian word
meaning "trash", was developed to examine the contents of the INFO2
file in the Recycle Bin. ... Rifiuti is built to work on multiple platforms
and will execute on Windows (through Cygwin), Mac OS X, Linux, and *BSD
platforms.
However, since the original rifiuti (last updated 2004) can´t analyze
recycle bin from any localized version of Windows (restricted to English),
this rewrite effort is born to overcome the limitation. Later rifiuti2 was
improved to add support for Vista format recycle bin, XML output and other
extra features not available from original version.
BUGS¶
In very special circumstance (which author can´t reproduce now), index file of certain deleted item can be corrupt, causing incorrect deleted file size to be stored. There is no way to report correct size. This problem shouldn´t happen after Vista though. Handling of non-ASCII file argument is not satisfactory; it may not work in certain case under MinGW bash. Non-ASCII deleted item path name may not be always displayed appropriately, especially on systems with non-UTF-8 locale (such as Windows cmd, where output is restricted to ANSI codepages). Storing UTF-8 result into file with -8 or -x option and then opening it with Unicode capable editor could be a solution. The calculation of local time might not be correct. For example, documentation of _tzset() function on Windows has this statement:The C run-time library assumes the United States´
rules for implementing the calculation of daylight saving time (DST).
Therefore the time might not be correct in case the files inside recycle bin are
produced on Windows using other countries as region settings. Besides, the
difference between standard time and DST is hardcoded to be one hour, which is
incorrect for a few selected regions.
So it is always better to use UTC time whenever possible.
REPORTING BUGS¶
Report bugs to Information about rifiuti2 can be found onSEE ALSO¶
- Open Digital Evidence Search and Seizure Architecture project, which contains the original rifiuti tool
- http://odessa.sourceforge.net/
- Forensics tools and other security related utilities originally written by FoundStone are now available under McAfee´s own license.
- http://www.mcafee.com/us/downloads/free-tools/index.aspx
- Vista recycle bin file structure, by Abel Cheung
- http://me.abelcheung.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/vista-recycle-bin-sample.pdf
- INFO2 recycle bin file example, by Steve Hailey
- http://www.csisite.net/downloads/INFO2.pdf
COPYRIGHT¶
Part of the work of rifiuti2 is derived from Rifiuti. Both pieces of software are licensed under the simplified BSD license.AUTHOR¶
The main author of rifiuti2 is Abel Cheung <abelcheung@gmail.com> The original author of rifiuti is Keith J. Jones <keith.jones@foundstone.com> Anthony Wong <ypwong@debian.org> helped in Debian packaging and was author of the original manpage.May 2015 | 0.6.1 |