'\"
'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
'\"
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
.TH glob 3tcl 8.3 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
.\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used
.\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries.
.\"
.\" .AP type name in/out ?indent?
.\"	Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure.
.\"	type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out",
.\"	or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg,
.\"	and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be
.\"	needed;  use .AS below instead)
.\"
.\" .AS ?type? ?name?
.\"	Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops.  Type and
.\"	name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed
.\"	to .AP later.  If args are omitted, default tab stops are used.
.\"
.\" .BS
.\"	Start box enclosure.  From here until next .BE, everything will be
.\"	enclosed in one large box.
.\"
.\" .BE
.\"	End of box enclosure.
.\"
.\" .CS
.\"	Begin code excerpt.
.\"
.\" .CE
.\"	End code excerpt.
.\"
.\" .VS ?version? ?br?
.\"	Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts
.\"	of man pages.  The first argument is ignored and used for recording
.\"	the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be
.\"	found and removed when they reach a certain age.  If another argument
.\"	is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar.
.\"
.\" .VE
.\"	End of vertical sidebar.
.\"
.\" .DS
.\"	Begin an indented unfilled display.
.\"
.\" .DE
.\"	End of indented unfilled display.
.\"
.\" .SO ?manpage?
.\"	Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage
.\"	argument defines where to look up the standard options; if
.\"	omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive
.\"	lines, in three columns separated by tabs.
.\"
.\" .SE
.\"	End of list of standard options for a Tk widget.
.\"
.\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass
.\"	Start of description of a specific option.  cmdName gives the
.\"	option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives
.\"	the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives
.\"	the option's class in the option database.
.\"
.\" .UL arg1 arg2
.\"	Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally.
.\"
.\" .QW arg1 ?arg2?
.\"	Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation).
.\"
.\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2?
.\"	Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally
.\"	(for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis.
.\"
.\"	# Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages.
.if t .wh -1.3i ^B
.nr ^l \n(.l
.ad b
.\"	# Start an argument description
.de AP
.ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4
.el \{\
.   ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu
.   el          .TP 15
.\}
.ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu
.ie !"\\$3"" \{\
\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3)
.\".b
.\}
.el \{\
.br
.ie !"\\$2"" \{\
\&\\$1	\\fI\\$2\\fP
.\}
.el \{\
\&\\fI\\$1\\fP
.\}
.\}
..
.\"	# define tabbing values for .AP
.de AS
.nr )A 10n
.if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n
.nr )B \\n()Au+15n
.\"
.if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n
.nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n
..
.AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out
.\"	# BS - start boxed text
.\"	# ^y = starting y location
.\"	# ^b = 1
.de BS
.br
.mk ^y
.nr ^b 1u
.if n .nf
.if n .ti 0
.if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul'
.if n .fi
..
.\"	# BE - end boxed text (draw box now)
.de BE
.nf
.ti 0
.mk ^t
.ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul'
.el \{\
.\"	Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of
.\"	box if the box started on an earlier page.
.ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\
\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
.\}
.el \}\
\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
.\}
.\}
.fi
.br
.nr ^b 0
..
.\"	# VS - start vertical sidebar
.\"	# ^Y = starting y location
.\"	# ^v = 1 (for troff;  for nroff this doesn't matter)
.de VS
.if !"\\$2"" .br
.mk ^Y
.ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0
.el .nr ^v 1u
..
.\"	# VE - end of vertical sidebar
.de VE
.ie n 'mc
.el \{\
.ev 2
.nf
.ti 0
.mk ^t
\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n'
.sp -1
.fi
.ev
.\}
.nr ^v 0
..
.\"	# Special macro to handle page bottom:  finish off current
.\"	# box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard
.\"	# page bottom macro.
.de ^B
.ev 2
'ti 0
'nf
.mk ^t
.if \\n(^b \{\
.\"	Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page,
.\"	draw two sides but no top otherwise.
.ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
.el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
.\}
.if \\n(^v \{\
.nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu
\kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c
.\}
.bp
'fi
.ev
.if \\n(^b \{\
.mk ^y
.nr ^b 2
.\}
.if \\n(^v \{\
.mk ^Y
.\}
..
.\"	# DS - begin display
.de DS
.RS
.nf
.sp
..
.\"	# DE - end display
.de DE
.fi
.RE
.sp
..
.\"	# SO - start of list of standard options
.de SO
'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR
'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR
.SH "STANDARD OPTIONS"
.LP
.nf
.ta 5.5c 11c
.ft B
..
.\"	# SE - end of list of standard options
.de SE
.fi
.ft R
.LP
See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options.
..
.\"	# OP - start of full description for a single option
.de OP
.LP
.nf
.ta 4c
Command-Line Name:	\\fB\\$1\\fR
Database Name:	\\fB\\$2\\fR
Database Class:	\\fB\\$3\\fR
.fi
.IP
..
.\"	# CS - begin code excerpt
.de CS
.RS
.nf
.ta .25i .5i .75i 1i
..
.\"	# CE - end code excerpt
.de CE
.fi
.RE
..
.\"	# UL - underline word
.de UL
\\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2
..
.\"	# QW - apply quotation marks to word
.de QW
.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2
..
.\"	# PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word
.de PQ
.ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3
..
.\"	# QR - quoted range
.de QR
.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3
.\"" fix emacs highlighting
.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3
..
.\"	# MT - "empty" string
.de MT
.QW ""
..
.BS
'\" Note:  do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
.SH NAME
glob \- Return names of files that match patterns
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBglob \fR?\fIswitches\fR? ?\fIpattern ...\fR?
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
This command performs file name
.QW globbing
in a fashion similar to
the csh shell or bash shell.
It returns a list of the files whose names match any
of the \fIpattern\fR arguments. No particular order is guaranteed
in the list, so if a sorted list is required the caller should use
\fBlsort\fR.
.SS OPTIONS
.PP
If the initial arguments to \fBglob\fR start with \fB\-\fR then
they are treated as switches. The following switches are
currently supported:
.TP
\fB\-directory\fR \fIdirectory\fR
.
Search for files which match the given patterns starting in the given
\fIdirectory\fR. This allows searching of directories whose name
contains glob-sensitive characters without the need to quote such
characters explicitly. This option may not be used in conjunction with
\fB\-path\fR, which is used to allow searching for complete file paths
whose names may contain glob-sensitive characters.
.TP
\fB\-join\fR
.
The remaining pattern arguments, after option processing, are treated
as a single pattern obtained by joining the arguments with directory
separators.
.TP
\fB\-nocomplain\fR
.
Allows an empty list to be returned without error; This is the
default behavior in Tcl 9.0, so this switch has no effect any more.
.TP
\fB\-path\fR \fIpathPrefix\fR
.
Search for files with the given \fIpathPrefix\fR where the rest of the name
matches the given patterns. This allows searching for files with names
similar to a given file (as opposed to a directory) even when the names
contain glob-sensitive
characters. This option may not be used in conjunction with
\fB\-directory\fR. For example, to find all files with the same root name
as $path, but differing extensions, you should use
.QW "\fBglob \-path [file rootname $path] .*\fR"
which will work even if \fB$path\fR contains
numerous glob-sensitive characters.
.TP
\fB\-tails\fR
.
Only return the part of each file found which follows the last directory
named in any \fB\-directory\fR or \fB\-path\fR path specification.
Thus
.QW "\fBglob \-tails \-directory $dir *\fR"
is equivalent to
.QW "\fBset pwd [pwd]; cd $dir; glob *; cd $pwd\fR" .
For \fB\-path\fR specifications, the returned names will include the last
path segment, so
.QW "\fBglob \-tails \-path [file rootname /home/fred/foo.tex] .*\fR"
will return paths like \fBfoo.aux foo.bib foo.tex\fR etc.
.TP
\fB\-types\fR \fItypeList\fR
.
Only list files or directories which match \fItypeList\fR, where the items
in the list have two forms. The first form is like the \-type option of
the Unix find command:
\fIb\fR (block special file),
\fIc\fR (character special file),
\fId\fR (directory),
\fIf\fR (plain file),
\fIl\fR (symbolic link),
\fIp\fR (named pipe),
or \fIs\fR (socket), where multiple types may be specified in the list.
\fBGlob\fR will return all files which match at least one of the types given.
Note that symbolic links will be returned both if \fB\-types l\fR is given,
or if the target of a link matches the requested type. So, a link to
a directory will be returned if \fB\-types d\fR was specified.
.RS
.PP
The second form specifies types where all the types given must match.
These are \fIr\fR, \fIw\fR, \fIx\fR as file permissions, and
\fIreadonly\fR, \fIhidden\fR as special permission cases. On the
Macintosh, MacOS types and creators are also supported, where any item
which is four characters long is assumed to be a MacOS type
(e.g. \fBTEXT\fR). Items which are of the form \fI{macintosh type XXXX}\fR
or \fI{macintosh creator XXXX}\fR will match types or creators
respectively. Unrecognized types, or specifications of multiple MacOS
types/creators will signal an error.
.PP
The two forms may be mixed, so \fB\-types {d f r w}\fR will find all
regular files OR directories that have both read AND write permissions.
The following are equivalent:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob \-type d *\fR
\fBglob */\fR
.CE
.PP
except that the first case doesn't return the trailing
.QW /
and is more platform independent.
.RE
.TP
\fB\-\|\-\fR
.
Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one will
be treated as a \fIpattern\fR even if it starts with a \fB\-\fR.
.SS "GLOBBING PATTERNS"
.PP
The \fIpattern\fR arguments may contain any of the following
special characters, which are a superset of those supported by
\fBstring match\fR:
.TP 10
\fB?\fR
.
Matches any single character.
.TP 10
\fB*\fR
.
Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.
.TP 10
\fB[\fIchars\fB]\fR
.
Matches any single character in \fIchars\fR. If \fIchars\fR
contains a sequence of the form \fIa\fB\-\fIb\fR then any
character between \fIa\fR and \fIb\fR (inclusive) will match.
.TP 10
\fB\e\fIx\fR
.
Matches the character \fIx\fR.
.TP 10
\fB{\fIa\fB,\fIb\fB,\fI...\fR}
.
Matches any of the sub-patterns \fIa\fR, \fIb\fR, etc.
.PP
On Unix, as with csh, a
.QW . \|
at the beginning of a file's name or just after a
.QW /
must be matched explicitly or with a {} construct, unless the
\fB\-types hidden\fR flag is given (since
.QW . \|
at the beginning of a file's name indicates that it is hidden). On
other platforms, files beginning with a
.QW . \|
are handled no differently to any others, except the special directories
.QW . \|
and
.QW .. \|
which must be matched explicitly (this is to avoid a recursive pattern like
.QW "glob \-join * * * *"
from recursing up the directory hierarchy as well as down). In addition, all
.QW /
characters must be matched explicitly.
.PP
The \fBglob\fR command differs from csh globbing in two ways.
First, it does not sort its result list (use the \fBlsort\fR
command if you want the list sorted).
Second, \fBglob\fR only returns the names of files that actually
exist; in csh no check for existence is made unless a pattern
contains a ?, *, or [] construct.
.SH "WINDOWS PORTABILITY ISSUES"
.PP
For Windows UNC names, the servername and sharename components of the path
may not contain ?, *, or [] constructs.
.PP
Since the backslash character has a special meaning to the glob
command, glob patterns containing Windows style path separators need
special care. The pattern
.QW \fIC:\e\efoo\e\e*\fR
is interpreted as
.QW \fIC:\efoo\e*\fR
where
.QW \fI\ef\fR
will match the single character
.QW \fIf\fR
and
.QW \fI\e*\fR
will match the single character
.QW \fI*\fR
and will not be
interpreted as a wildcard character. One solution to this problem is
to use the Unix style forward slash as a path separator. Windows style
paths can be converted to Unix style paths with the command
.QW "\fBfile join\fR \fB$path\fR"
or
.QW "\fBfile normalize\fR \fB$path\fR" .
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
Find all the Tcl files in the current directory:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR *.tcl
.CE
.PP
Find all the Tcl files in the user's home directory, irrespective of
what the current directory is:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR \-directory [file home] *.tcl
.CE
.PP
Find all subdirectories of the current directory:
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR \-type d *
.CE
.PP
Find all files whose name contains an
.QW a ,
a
.QW b
or the sequence
.QW cde :
.PP
.CS
\fBglob\fR \-type f *{a,b,cde}*
.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
file(3tcl)
.SH KEYWORDS
exist, file, glob, pattern
'\" Local Variables:
'\" mode: nroff
'\" End: