'\" t .\" Title: chage .\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot .\" Date: 01/22/2022 .\" Manual: User Commands .\" Source: shadow-utils 4.11.1 .\" Language: English .\" .TH "CHAGE" "1" "01/22/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.11\&.1" "User Commands" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "NAME" chage \- change user password expiry information .SH "SYNOPSIS" .HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u \fBchage\fR [\fIoptions\fR] \fILOGIN\fR .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP The \fBchage\fR command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .PP The options which apply to the \fBchage\fR command are: .PP \fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR .RS 4 Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the \fILAST_DAY\fR is set to \fI0\fR the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&. .RE .PP \fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR .RS 4 Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user\*(Aqs account will no longer be accessible\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. .sp For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d) .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .sp Passing the number \fI\-1\fR as the \fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR will remove an account expiration date\&. .RE .PP \fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR .RS 4 Display help message and exit\&. .RE .PP \fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR .RS 4 When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&. .RE .PP \fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR .RS 4 Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The \fIINACTIVE\fR option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&. .sp Passing the number \fI\-1\fR as the \fIINACTIVE\fR will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&. .RE .PP \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR .RS 4 Show account aging information\&. .RE .PP \fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR .RS 4 Set the minimum number of days between password changes to \fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&. .RE .PP \fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR .RS 4 Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When \fIMAX_DAYS\fR plus \fILAST_DAY\fR is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the \fB\-W\fR option, which provides the user with advance warning\&. .sp Passing the number \fI\-1\fR as \fIMAX_DAYS\fR will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&. .RE .PP \fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR .RS 4 Apply changes in the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory and use the configuration files from the \fICHROOT_DIR\fR directory\&. .RE .PP \fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR .RS 4 Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The \fIWARN_DAYS\fR option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&. .RE .PP If none of the options are selected, \fBchage\fR operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of \fI[ ]\fR marks\&. .SH "NOTE" .PP The \fBchage\fR program requires a shadow password file to be available\&. .PP The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&. .PP The \fBchage\fR program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The \fBpwck\fR can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&. .PP The \fBchage\fR command is restricted to the root user, except for the \fB\-l\fR option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&. .SH "CONFIGURATION" .PP The following configuration variables in /etc/login\&.defs change the behavior of this tool: .SH "FILES" .PP /etc/passwd .RS 4 User account information\&. .RE .PP /etc/shadow .RS 4 Secure user account information\&. .RE .SH "EXIT VALUES" .PP The \fBchage\fR command exits with the following values: .PP \fI0\fR .RS 4 success .RE .PP \fI1\fR .RS 4 permission denied .RE .PP \fI2\fR .RS 4 invalid command syntax .RE .PP \fI15\fR .RS 4 can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP \fBpasswd\fR(5), \fBshadow\fR(5)\&.