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COUPE(1gmt) GMT COUPE(1gmt)

NAME

coupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms

SYNOPSIS

gmt coupe [ files ] -Jparameters
-Rregion -Aparameters
-S<format><scale>[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]] [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -Ecolor ] [ -Fmode[args] ] [ -Gcolor ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -Q ] [ -Tnplane[/pen] ] [ -U[stamp] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -Wpen ] [ -X[a|c|f|r][xshift[u]] ] [ -Y[a|c|f|r][yshift[u]] ] [ -Zcpt ] [ -dinodata ] [ -eregexp ] [ -hheaders ] [ -iflags ] [ -pflags ] [ -ttransp ] [ -:[i|o] ] [ --PAR=value ]

Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.

DESCRIPTION

Reads data values from files [or standard input] and will plot symbols, lines or polygons on a cross-section. Focal mechanisms may be specified and require additional columns of data. The name "coupe" comes from the French verb “to cut”. The best translation is a (vertical) cross section.

Unless -Q is used, new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y) and the mechanism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal plane, to half-sphere behind a vertical plane). When the plane is not horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards steepest descent direction of the plane (u) - east direction becomes strike direction of the plane (s) - down direction (= north^east) becomes u^s Axis angles are defined in the same way as in horizontal plane in the new system. Moment tensor (initially in r, t, f system that is up, south, east) is defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system.

REQUIRED ARGUMENTS

One or more ASCII (or binary, see -bi[ncols][type]) data table file(s) holding a number of data columns. If no tables are given then we read from standard input.

Select map projection.

west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest, and you may specify them in decimal degrees or in [±]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format Append +r if lower left and upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude). Set geographic regions by specifying ISO country codes from the Digital Chart of the World using -Rcode1,code2,...[+r|R[incs]] instead: Append one or more comma-separated countries using the 2-character ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 convention. To select a state of a country (if available), append .state, e.g, US.TX for Texas. To specify a whole continent, prepend = to any of the continent codes AF (Africa), AN (Antarctica), AS (Asia), EU (Europe), OC (Oceania), NA (North America), or SA (South America). Use +r to modify the bounding box coordinates from the polygon(s): Append inc, xinc/yinc, or winc/einc/sinc/ninc to adjust the region to be a multiple of these steps [no adjustment]. Alternatively, use +R to extend the region outward by adding these increments instead [no extension]. Alternatively for grid creation, give Rcodelon/lat/nx/ny, where code is a 2-character combination of L, C, R (for left, center, or right) and T, M, B for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., BL for lower left. This indicates which point on a rectangular region the lon/lat coordinate refers to, and the grid dimensions nx and ny with grid spacings via -I is used to create the corresponding region. Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are copied from the grid. Appending +uunit expects projected (Cartesian) coordinates compatible with chosen -J and we inversely project to determine actual rectangular geographic region. For perspective view (-p), optionally append /zmin/zmax. In case of perspective view (-p), a z-range (zmin, zmax) can be appended to indicate the third dimension. This needs to be done only when using the -Jz option, not when using only the -p option. In the latter case a perspective view of the plane is plotted, with no third dimension. If frame is defined from cross-section parameters (see -A this option is not taken into account, but must be present.

selects the cross-section.
lon and lat are the longitude and latitude of points 1 and 2 limiting the length of the cross-section. dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-section is made. p_width is the width of the cross-section on each side of a vertical plane or above and under an oblique plane. dmin and dmax are the distances min and max from horizontal plane, along steepest descent direction. Add +f to get the frame from the cross-section parameters.
lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the beginning of the cross-section. strike is the azimuth of the direction of the cross-section. p_length is the length along which the cross-section is made. The other parameters are the same as for -Aa option.
The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coordinates.
The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coordinates.


-S<format><scale>[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file. In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is in third column. Nevertheless, it is possible to use "old style" psvelomeca input files without depth in third column using the -Fo option.


-Sascale[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. scale is the size for magnitude = 5. Use the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append +u to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

3: depth of event in kilometers

4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees

7: magnitude

8,9: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

10: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).



-Scscale[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Focal mechanisms in Global CMT convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm). Use the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append +u to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

3: depth of event in kilometers

4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in columns 12 and 13 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).

14: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).



-Sm|d|zscale[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Seismic moment tensor (Global CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is scalar seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm). -T0 option overlays best double couple transparently. Use -Sm to plot the Global CMT seismic moment tensor with zero trace. Use -Sd to plot only the double couple part of moment tensor. Use -Sz to plot the anisotropic part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append +u to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

3: depth of event in kilometers

4,5,6,7,8,9: mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

10: exponent

11,12: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (11,12).

13: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).



-Spscale[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. scale is the size for magnitude = 5 The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append +u to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

3: depth of event in kilometers

4,5: strike, dip of plane 1

6: strike of plane 2

7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

8: magnitude

9,10: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in columns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

11: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).



-Sx|y|tscale[+ffont][+jjustify][+odx[/dy]]

Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, or p is appended). (-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.) Use -Sx to plot standard Global CMT. Use -Sy to plot only the double couple part of moment tensor. Use -St to plot zero trace moment tensor. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append +u to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

3: depth of event in kilometers

4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12: value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis.

13: exponent

14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in columns 14 and 15 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (14,15).

16: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).



OPTIONAL ARGUMENTS

Set map boundary frame and axes attributes.

Sets color or fill pattern for extensive quadrants [Default is white].

Sets one or more attributes; repeatable. The various combinations are
selects a symbol instead of mechanism. Choose from the following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itriangle, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. size is the symbol size in PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT (unless c, i, or p is appended to indicate that the size information is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively). If size must be read, it must be in column 4 and the text string will start in column 5. Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2:
longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3:
depth of event in kilometers
4:
Text string to appear above the beach ball (default) or under (add +u).



Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p) point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Default: 6p/cc]
Sets the color or fill pattern for the T axis symbol. [Default as set by -E]
Sets the color or fill pattern for the P axis symbol. [Default as set by -G]
Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen attributes.
Draw a box behind the label (if any). [Default fill is white]
Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets pen attributes.

Sets color or fill pattern for compressional quadrants [Default is black].

Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W) or sets pen attributes.

Same size for any magnitude.

Does not skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default plots points inside border only].

Suppress the production of files with cross-section and mechanism information.

Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is transparent. If nplane is

0: both nodal planes are plotted;

1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;

2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.

Append /pen to set the pen attributes for this feature. Default pen is as set by -W. [Default: 0].


Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.

Select verbosity level [c].

set pen attributes for text string or default pen attributes for fault plane edges. [Defaults: width = default, color = black, style = solid].

-X[a|c|f|r][xshift[u]]


Give a CPT and let compressive part color be determined by the z-value in the third column.

Replace input columns that equal nodata with NaN.

Only accept data records that match the given pattern.

Skip or produce header record(s).

Select input columns and transformations (0 is first column, t is trailing text, append word to read one word only).


Set transparency level in percent.

-:[i|o] (more ...)
Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.

-^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.
-? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exits.
Temporarily override a GMT default setting; repeatable. See /gmt.conf for parameters.

REFERENCES

Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.

Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.

F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Global Seismology, Princeton, 1998, p.167. Definition of scalar moment.

Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh and Sv, Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February, 1996

Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press, 1995, p.384.

W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)

AUTHOR

Genevieve Patau, Laboratory of Seismogenesis, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Departement de Sismologie, Paris, France

SEE ALSO

meca, polar, gmt, basemap, plot

COPYRIGHT

2019, The GMT Team

September 7, 2019 6.0.0rc4