'\" '\" Copyright (c) 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. '\" Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation. '\" '\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. '\" .TH socket 3tcl 8.6 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands" .\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used .\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries. .\" .\" .AP type name in/out ?indent? .\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure. .\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out", .\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg, .\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be .\" needed; use .AS below instead) .\" .\" .AS ?type? ?name? .\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and .\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed .\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used. .\" .\" .BS .\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be .\" enclosed in one large box. .\" .\" .BE .\" End of box enclosure. .\" .\" .CS .\" Begin code excerpt. .\" .\" .CE .\" End code excerpt. .\" .\" .VS ?version? ?br? .\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts .\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording .\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be .\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument .\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar. .\" .\" .VE .\" End of vertical sidebar. .\" .\" .DS .\" Begin an indented unfilled display. .\" .\" .DE .\" End of indented unfilled display. .\" .\" .SO ?manpage? .\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage .\" argument defines where to look up the standard options; if .\" omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive .\" lines, in three columns separated by tabs. .\" .\" .SE .\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget. .\" .\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass .\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the .\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives .\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives .\" the option's class in the option database. .\" .\" .UL arg1 arg2 .\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally. .\" .\" .QW arg1 ?arg2? .\" Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation). .\" .\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2? .\" Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally .\" (for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis. .\" .\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. .if t .wh -1.3i ^B .nr ^l \n(.l .ad b .\" # Start an argument description .de AP .ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4 .el \{\ . ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu . el .TP 15 .\} .ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu .ie !"\\$3"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3) .\".b .\} .el \{\ .br .ie !"\\$2"" \{\ \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP .\} .el \{\ \&\\fI\\$1\\fP .\} .\} .. .\" # define tabbing values for .AP .de AS .nr )A 10n .if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n .nr )B \\n()Au+15n .\" .if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n .nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n .. .AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out .\" # BS - start boxed text .\" # ^y = starting y location .\" # ^b = 1 .de BS .br .mk ^y .nr ^b 1u .if n .nf .if n .ti 0 .if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .if n .fi .. .\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now) .de BE .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t .ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul' .el \{\ .\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of .\" box if the box started on an earlier page. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .el \}\ \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' .\} .\} .fi .br .nr ^b 0 .. .\" # VS - start vertical sidebar .\" # ^Y = starting y location .\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter) .de VS .if !"\\$2"" .br .mk ^Y .ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0 .el .nr ^v 1u .. .\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar .de VE .ie n 'mc .el \{\ .ev 2 .nf .ti 0 .mk ^t \h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n' .sp -1 .fi .ev .\} .nr ^v 0 .. .\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current .\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard .\" # page bottom macro. .de ^B .ev 2 'ti 0 'nf .mk ^t .if \\n(^b \{\ .\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page, .\" draw two sides but no top otherwise. .ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu \kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c .\} .bp 'fi .ev .if \\n(^b \{\ .mk ^y .nr ^b 2 .\} .if \\n(^v \{\ .mk ^Y .\} .. .\" # DS - begin display .de DS .RS .nf .sp .. .\" # DE - end display .de DE .fi .RE .sp .. .\" # SO - start of list of standard options .de SO 'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR 'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR .SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" .LP .nf .ta 5.5c 11c .ft B .. .\" # SE - end of list of standard options .de SE .fi .ft R .LP See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options. .. .\" # OP - start of full description for a single option .de OP .LP .nf .ta 4c Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR .fi .IP .. .\" # CS - begin code excerpt .de CS .RS .nf .ta .25i .5i .75i 1i .. .\" # CE - end code excerpt .de CE .fi .RE .. .\" # UL - underline word .de UL \\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 .. .\" # QW - apply quotation marks to word .de QW .ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2 .. .\" # PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word .de PQ .ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3 .. .\" # QR - quoted range .de QR .ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3 .\"" fix emacs highlighting .el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3 .. .\" # MT - "empty" string .de MT .QW "" .. .BS '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! .SH NAME socket \- Open a TCP network connection .SH SYNOPSIS .sp \fBsocket \fR?\fIoptions\fR? \fIhost port\fR .sp \fBsocket\fR \fB\-server \fIcommand\fR ?\fIoptions\fR? \fIport\fR .BE .SH DESCRIPTION .PP This command opens a network socket and returns a channel identifier that may be used in future invocations of commands like \fBread\fR, \fBputs\fR and \fBflush\fR. At present only the TCP network protocol is supported over IPv4 and IPv6; future releases may include support for additional protocols. The \fBsocket\fR command may be used to open either the client or server side of a connection, depending on whether the \fB\-server\fR switch is specified. .PP Note that the default encoding for \fIall\fR sockets is the system encoding, as returned by \fBencoding system\fR. Most of the time, you will need to use \fBchan configure\fR to alter this to something else, such as \fIutf\-8\fR (ideal for communicating with other Tcl processes) or \fIiso8859\-1\fR (useful for many network protocols, especially the older ones). .SH "CLIENT SOCKETS" .PP If the \fB\-server\fR option is not specified, then the client side of a connection is opened and the command returns a channel identifier that can be used for both reading and writing. \fIPort\fR and \fIhost\fR specify a port to connect to; there must be a server accepting connections on this port. \fIPort\fR is an integer port number (or service name, where supported and understood by the host operating system) and \fIhost\fR is either a domain-style name such as \fBwww.tcl.tk\fR or a numerical IPv4 or IPv6 address such as \fB127.0.0.1\fR or \fB2001:DB8::1\fR. Use \fIlocalhost\fR to refer to the host on which the command is invoked. .PP The following options may also be present before \fIhost\fR to specify additional information about the connection: .TP \fB\-myaddr\fI addr\fR . \fIAddr\fR gives the domain-style name or numerical IP address of the client-side network interface to use for the connection. This option may be useful if the client machine has multiple network interfaces. If the option is omitted then the client-side interface will be chosen by the system software. .TP \fB\-myport\fI port\fR . \fIPort\fR specifies an integer port number (or service name, where supported and understood by the host operating system) to use for the client's side of the connection. If this option is omitted, the client's port number will be chosen at random by the system software. .TP \fB\-async\fR . This option will cause the client socket to be connected asynchronously. This means that the socket will be created immediately but may not yet be connected to the server, when the call to \fBsocket\fR returns. .RS .PP When a \fBgets\fR or \fBflush\fR is done on the socket before the connection attempt succeeds or fails, if the socket is in blocking mode, the operation will wait until the connection is completed or fails. If the socket is in nonblocking mode and a \fBgets\fR or \fBflush\fR is done on the socket before the connection attempt succeeds or fails, the operation returns immediately and \fBfblocked\fR on the socket returns 1. Synchronous client sockets may be switched (after they have connected) to operating in asynchronous mode using: .PP .CS \fBchan configure \fIchan \fB\-blocking 0\fR .CE .PP See the \fBchan configure\fR command for more details. .PP The Tcl event loop should be running while an asynchronous connection is in progress, because it may have to do several connection attempts in the background. Running the event loop also allows you to set up a writable channel event on the socket to get notified when the asynchronous connection has succeeded or failed. See the \fBvwait\fR and the \fBchan\fR commands for more details on the event loop and channel events. .PP The \fBchan configure\fR option \fB-connecting\fR may be used to check if the connect is still running. To verify a successful connect, the option \fB-error\fR may be checked when \fB-connecting\fR returned 0. .PP Operation without the event queue requires at the moment calls to \fBchan configure\fR to advance the internal state machine. .RE .SH "SERVER SOCKETS" .PP If the \fB\-server\fR option is specified then the new socket will be a server that listens on the given \fIport\fR (either an integer or a service name, where supported and understood by the host operating system; if \fIport\fR is zero, the operating system will allocate a free port to the server socket which may be discovered by using \fBchan configure\fR to read the \fB\-sockname\fR option). If the host supports both, IPv4 and IPv6, the socket will listen on both address families. Tcl will automatically accept connections to the given port. For each connection Tcl will create a new channel that may be used to communicate with the client. Tcl then invokes \fIcommand\fR (properly a command prefix list, see the \fBEXAMPLES\fR below) with three additional arguments: the name of the new channel, the address, in network address notation, of the client's host, and the client's port number. .PP The following additional option may also be specified before \fIport\fR: .TP \fB\-myaddr\fI addr\fR . \fIAddr\fR gives the domain-style name or numerical IP address of the server-side network interface to use for the connection. This option may be useful if the server machine has multiple network interfaces. If the option is omitted then the server socket is bound to the wildcard address so that it can accept connections from any interface. If \fIaddr\fR is a domain name that resolves to multiple IP addresses that are available on the local machine, the socket will listen on all of them. .PP Server channels cannot be used for input or output; their sole use is to accept new client connections. The channels created for each incoming client connection are opened for input and output. Closing the server channel shuts down the server so that no new connections will be accepted; however, existing connections will be unaffected. .PP Server sockets depend on the Tcl event mechanism to find out when new connections are opened. If the application does not enter the event loop, for example by invoking the \fBvwait\fR command or calling the C procedure \fBTcl_DoOneEvent\fR, then no connections will be accepted. .PP If \fIport\fR is specified as zero, the operating system will allocate an unused port for use as a server socket. The port number actually allocated may be retrieved from the created server socket using the \fBchan configure\fR command to retrieve the \fB\-sockname\fR option as described below. .SH "CONFIGURATION OPTIONS" .PP The \fBchan configure\fR command can be used to query several readonly configuration options for socket channels: .TP \fB\-error\fR . This option gets the current error status of the given socket. This is useful when you need to determine if an asynchronous connect operation succeeded. If there was an error, the error message is returned. If there was no error, an empty string is returned. .RS .PP Note that the error status is reset by the read operation; this mimics the underlying getsockopt(SO_ERROR) call. .RE .TP \fB\-sockname\fR . For client sockets (including the channels that get created when a client connects to a server socket) this option returns a list of three elements, the address, the host name and the port number for the socket. If the host name cannot be computed, the second element is identical to the address, the first element of the list. .RS .PP For server sockets this option returns a list of a multiple of three elements each group of which have the same meaning as described above. The list contains more than one group when the server socket was created without \fB\-myaddr\fR or with the argument to \fB\-myaddr\fR being a domain name that resolves multiple IP addresses that are local to the invoking host. .RE .TP \fB\-peername\fR . This option is not supported by server sockets. For client and accepted sockets, this option returns a list of three elements; these are the address, the host name and the port to which the peer socket is connected or bound. If the host name cannot be computed, the second element of the list is identical to the address, its first element. .TP \fB\-connecting\fR . This option is not supported by server sockets. For client sockets, this option returns 1 if an asyncroneous connect is still in progress, 0 otherwise. .PP .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP Here is a very simple time server: .PP .CS proc Server {startTime channel clientaddr clientport} { puts "Connection from $clientaddr registered" set now [clock seconds] puts $channel [clock format $now] puts $channel "[expr {$now - $startTime}] since start" close $channel } \fBsocket -server\fR [list Server [clock seconds]] 9900 vwait forever .CE .PP And here is the corresponding client to talk to the server and extract some information: .PP .CS set server localhost set sockChan [\fBsocket\fR $server 9900] gets $sockChan line1 gets $sockChan line2 close $sockChan puts "The time on $server is $line1" puts "That is [lindex $line2 0]s since the server started" .CE .SH "HISTORY" Support for IPv6 was added in Tcl 8.6. .SH "SEE ALSO" chan(3tcl), flush(3tcl), open(3tcl), read(3tcl) .SH KEYWORDS asynchronous I/O, bind, channel, connection, domain name, host, network address, socket, tcp '\" Local Variables: '\" mode: nroff '\" End: