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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Trans 3pm"
.TH Trans 3pm "2018-11-02" "perl v5.28.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
PDL::LinearAlgebra::Trans \- Linear Algebra based transcendental functions for PDL
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\& use PDL::LinearAlgebra::Trans;
\&
\& $a = random (100,100);
\& $sqrt = msqrt($a);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This module provides some transcendental functions for matrices.
Moreover it provides sec, asec, sech, asech, cot, acot, acoth, coth, csc,
acsc, csch, acsch. Beware, importing this module will overwrite the hidden
\&\s-1PDL\s0 routine sec. If you need to call it specify its origin module : PDL::Basic::sec(args)
.SH "FUNCTIONS"
.IX Header "FUNCTIONS"
.SS "geexp"
.IX Subsection "geexp"
.Vb 1
\&  Signature: ([io,phys]A(n,n);int deg();scale();[io]trace();int [o]ns();int [o]info())
.Ve
.PP
Computes exp(t*A), the matrix exponential of a general matrix,
using the irreducible rational Pade approximation to the 
exponential function exp(x) = r(x) = (+/\-)( I + 2*(q(x)/p(x)) ), 
combined with scaling-and-squaring and optionally normalization of the trace.
The algorithm is described in Roger B. Sidje (rbs.uq.edu.au)
\&\*(L"\s-1EXPOKIT:\s0 Software Package for Computing Matrix Exponentials\*(R".
\&\s-1ACM\s0 \- Transactions On Mathematical Software, 24(1):130\-156, 1998
.PP
.Vb 2
\&     A:         On input argument matrix. On output exp(t*A).
\&                Use Fortran storage type.
\&
\&     deg:       the degre of the diagonal Pade to be used. 
\&                a value of 6 is generally satisfactory. 
\&
\&     scale:     time\-scale (can be < 0). 
\&
\&     trace:     on input, boolean value indicating whether or not perform
\&                a trace normalization. On output value used.
\&
\&     ns:        on output number of scaling\-squaring used. 
\&
\&     info:      exit flag.
\&                      0 \- no problem 
\&                     > 0 \- Singularity in LU factorization when solving 
\&                     Pade approximation
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  = random(5,5);
\&  = pdl(1);
\& \->xchg(0,1)\->geexp(6,1,, ( = null), ( = null));
.Ve
.PP
geexp does not process bad values.
It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.
.SS "cgeexp"
.IX Subsection "cgeexp"
.Vb 1
\&  Signature: ([io,phys]A(2,n,n);int deg();scale();int trace();int [o]ns();int [o]info())
.Ve
.PP
Complex version of geexp. The value used for trace normalization is not returned.
The algorithm is described in Roger B. Sidje (rbs@maths.uq.edu.au)
\&\*(L"\s-1EXPOKIT:\s0 Software Package for Computing Matrix Exponentials\*(R".
\&\s-1ACM\s0 \- Transactions On Mathematical Software, 24(1):130\-156, 1998
.PP
cgeexp does not process bad values.
It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.
.SS "ctrsqrt"
.IX Subsection "ctrsqrt"
.Vb 1
\&  Signature: ([io,phys]A(2,n,n);int uplo();[phys,o] B(2,n,n);int [o]info())
.Ve
.PP
Root square of complex triangular matrix. Uses a recurrence of Björck and Hammarling.
(See Nicholas J. Higham. A new sqrtm for \s-1MATLAB.\s0 Numerical Analysis
Report No. 336, Manchester Centre for Computational Mathematics,
Manchester, England, January 1999. It's available at http://www.ma.man.ac.uk/~higham/pap\-mf.html)
If uplo is true, A is lower triangular.
.PP
ctrsqrt does not process bad values.
It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.
.SS "ctrfun"
.IX Subsection "ctrfun"
.Vb 1
\&  Signature: ([io,phys]A(2,n,n);int uplo();[phys,o] B(2,n,n);int [o]info(); SV* func)
.Ve
.PP
Apply an arbitrary function to a complex triangular matrix. Uses a recurrence of Parlett.
If uplo is true, A is lower triangular.
.PP
ctrfun does not process bad values.
It will set the bad-value flag of all output piddles if the flag is set for any of the input piddles.
.SS "mlog"
.IX Subsection "mlog"
Return matrix logarithm of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mlog(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $log = mlog($a);
.Ve
.SS "msqrt"
.IX Subsection "msqrt"
Return matrix square root (principal) of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = msqrt(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $sqrt = msqrt($a);
.Ve
.SS "mexp"
.IX Subsection "mexp"
Return matrix exponential of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mexp(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $exp = mexp($a);
.Ve
.SS "mpow"
.IX Subsection "mpow"
Return matrix power of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mpow(PDL(A), SCALAR(exponent))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $powered = mpow($a,2.5);
.Ve
.SS "mcos"
.IX Subsection "mcos"
Return matrix cosine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcos(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $cos = mcos($a);
.Ve
.SS "macos"
.IX Subsection "macos"
Return matrix inverse cosine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macos(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acos = macos($a);
.Ve
.SS "msin"
.IX Subsection "msin"
Return matrix sine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = msin(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $sin = msin($a);
.Ve
.SS "masin"
.IX Subsection "masin"
Return matrix inverse sine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = masin(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $asin = masin($a);
.Ve
.SS "mtan"
.IX Subsection "mtan"
Return matrix tangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mtan(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $tan = mtan($a);
.Ve
.SS "matan"
.IX Subsection "matan"
Return matrix inverse tangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = matan(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $atan = matan($a);
.Ve
.SS "mcot"
.IX Subsection "mcot"
Return matrix cotangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcot(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $cot = mcot($a);
.Ve
.SS "macot"
.IX Subsection "macot"
Return matrix inverse cotangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macot(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acot = macot($a);
.Ve
.SS "msec"
.IX Subsection "msec"
Return matrix secant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = msec(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $sec = msec($a);
.Ve
.SS "masec"
.IX Subsection "masec"
Return matrix inverse secant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = masec(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $asec = masec($a);
.Ve
.SS "mcsc"
.IX Subsection "mcsc"
Return matrix cosecant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcsc(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $csc = mcsc($a);
.Ve
.SS "macsc"
.IX Subsection "macsc"
Return matrix inverse cosecant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macsc(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acsc = macsc($a);
.Ve
.SS "mcosh"
.IX Subsection "mcosh"
Return matrix hyperbolic cosine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcosh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $cos = mcosh($a);
.Ve
.SS "macosh"
.IX Subsection "macosh"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse cosine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macosh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acos = macosh($a);
.Ve
.SS "msinh"
.IX Subsection "msinh"
Return matrix hyperbolic sine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = msinh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $sinh = msinh($a);
.Ve
.SS "masinh"
.IX Subsection "masinh"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse sine of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = masinh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $asinh = masinh($a);
.Ve
.SS "mtanh"
.IX Subsection "mtanh"
Return matrix hyperbolic tangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mtanh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $tanh = mtanh($a);
.Ve
.SS "matanh"
.IX Subsection "matanh"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse tangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = matanh(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $atanh = matanh($a);
.Ve
.SS "mcoth"
.IX Subsection "mcoth"
Return matrix hyperbolic cotangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcoth(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $coth = mcoth($a);
.Ve
.SS "macoth"
.IX Subsection "macoth"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse cotangent of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macoth(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acoth = macoth($a);
.Ve
.SS "msech"
.IX Subsection "msech"
Return matrix hyperbolic secant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = msech(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $sech = msech($a);
.Ve
.SS "masech"
.IX Subsection "masech"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse secant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = masech(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $asech = masech($a);
.Ve
.SS "mcsch"
.IX Subsection "mcsch"
Return matrix hyperbolic cosecant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mcsch(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $csch = mcsch($a);
.Ve
.SS "macsch"
.IX Subsection "macsch"
Return matrix hyperbolic inverse cosecant of a square matrix.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = macsch(PDL(A))
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $acsch = macsch($a);
.Ve
.SS "mfun"
.IX Subsection "mfun"
Return matrix function of second argument of a square matrix.
Function will be applied on a PDL::Complex object.
.PP
.Vb 1
\& PDL = mfun(PDL(A),\*(Aqcos\*(Aq)
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 12
\& my $a = random(10,10);
\& my $fun = mfun($a,\*(Aqcos\*(Aq);
\& sub sinbycos2{
\&        $_[0]\->set_inplace(0);
\&        $_[0] .= $_[0]\->Csin/$_[0]\->Ccos**2;
\& }
\& # Try diagonalization
\& $fun = mfun($a, \e&sinbycos2,1);
\& # Now try Schur/Parlett
\& $fun = mfun($a, \e&sinbycos2);
\& # Now with function.
\& scalar msolve($a\->mcos\->mpow(2), $a\->msin);
.Ve
.SH "TODO"
.IX Header "TODO"
Improve error return and check singularity.
Improve (msqrt,mlog) / r2C
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Copyright (C) Grégory Vanuxem 2005\-2007.
.PP
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the artistic license as specified in the Artistic
file.