.\" Automatically generated by Podwrapper::Man 1.40.2 (Pod::Simple 3.35) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "virt-rescue 1" .TH virt-rescue 1 "2019-02-07" "libguestfs-1.40.2" "Virtualization Support" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "名前" .IX Header "名前" virt-rescue \- 仮想マシンにおいてレスキューシェルを実行します .SH "書式" .IX Header "書式" .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] \-d domname \& \& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] \-a disk.img [\-a disk.img ...] [\-i] .Ve .PP 古い形式: .PP .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] domname \& \& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] disk.img [disk.img ...] .Ve .SH "説明" .IX Header "説明" virt-rescue is like a Rescue \s-1CD,\s0 but for virtual machines, and without the need for a \s-1CD.\s0 virt-rescue gives you a rescue shell and some simple recovery tools which you can use to examine or rescue a virtual machine or disk image. .PP You can run virt-rescue on any virtual machine known to libvirt, or directly on disk image(s): .PP .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue \-d GuestName \-i \& \& virt\-rescue \-\-ro \-a /path/to/disk.img \-i \& \& virt\-rescue \-a /dev/sdc .Ve .PP For live VMs you \fImust\fR use the \fI\-\-ro\fR option. .PP When you run virt-rescue on a virtual machine or disk image, you are placed in an interactive bash shell where you can use many ordinary Linux commands. What you see in \fI/\fR (\fI/bin\fR, \fI/lib\fR etc) is the rescue appliance. You must mount the virtual machine’s filesystems. There is an empty directory called \fI/sysroot\fR where you can mount filesystems. .PP To automatically mount the virtual machine’s filesystems under \fI/sysroot\fR use the \fI\-i\fR option. This uses libguestfs inspection to find the filesystems and mount them in the right place. You can also mount filesystems individually using the \fI\-m\fR option. .PP Another way is to list the logical volumes (with \fBlvs\fR\|(8)) and partitions (with \fBparted\fR\|(8)) and mount them by hand: .PP .Vb 7 \& > lvs \& LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert \& lv_root vg_f15x32 \-wi\-a\- 8.83G \& lv_swap vg_f15x32 \-wi\-a\- 992.00M \& > mount /dev/vg_f15x32/lv_root /sysroot \& > mount /dev/vda1 /sysroot/boot \& > ls /sysroot .Ve .PP 利用可能なファイルシステムを一覧表示するためのもう 1 つのコマンドは \fBvirt\-filesystems\fR\|(1) です。 .PP Linux 仮想マシンにおいてコマンド（たとえば、grub）を実行するには、まず /sysroot ディレクトリーの中に chroot する必要があります: .PP .Vb 1 \& > chroot /sysroot .Ve .SS "注記" .IX Subsection "注記" Virt-rescue can be used on \fIany\fR disk image file or device, not just a virtual machine. For example you can use it on a blank file if you want to partition that file (although we would recommend using \fBguestfish\fR\|(1) instead as it is more suitable for this purpose). You can even use virt-rescue on things like \s-1USB\s0 drives, \s-1SD\s0 cards and hard disks. .PP You can get virt-rescue to give you scratch disk(s) to play with. This is useful for testing out Linux utilities (see \fI\-\-scratch\fR). .PP Virt-rescue does not require root. You only need to run it as root if you need root to open the disk image. .PP This tool is just designed for quick interactive hacking on a virtual machine. For more structured access to a virtual machine disk image, you should use \fBguestfs\fR\|(3). To get a structured shell that you can use to make scripted changes to guests, use \fBguestfish\fR\|(1). .SH "オプション" .IX Header "オプション" .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4 .IX Item "--help" 簡単なヘルプを表示します。 .IP "\fB\-a\fR \s-1FILE\s0" 4 .IX Item "-a FILE" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-add\fR \s-1FILE\s0" 4 .IX Item "--add FILE" .PD Add \f(CW\*(C`FILE\*(C'\fR which should be a disk image from a virtual machine. If the virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of them with separate \fI\-a\fR options. .Sp ディスクイメージの形式は自動検知されます。これを上書きして強制的に特定の形式を使用する場合、 \fI\-\-format=..\fR オプションを使用します。 .IP "\fB\-a\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4 .IX Item "-a URI" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-add\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4 .IX Item "--add URI" .PD リモートディスクを追加します。 \*(L"リモートストレージの追加\*(R" in \fBguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。 .IP "\fB\-\-append\fR \s-1KERNELOPTS\s0" 4 .IX Item "--append KERNELOPTS" レスキューカーネルに追加オプションを渡します。 .IP "\fB\-c\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4 .IX Item "-c URI" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-connect\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4 .IX Item "--connect URI" .PD libvirt を使用していると、指定された \fI\s-1URI\s0\fR に接続します。省略すると、デフォルトの libvirt ハイパーバイザーに接続します。 .Sp ゲストのブロックデバイスを直接指定していると（(\fI\-a\fR)）、libvirt は何も使用されません。 .IP "\fB\-d\fR guest" 4 .IX Item "-d guest" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-domain\fR guest" 4 .IX Item "--domain guest" .PD 名前付きの libvirt 仮想マシンからすべてのディスクを追加します。名前の代わりに仮想マシンの \s-1UUID\s0 を使用できます。 .IP "\fB\-e none\fR" 4 .IX Item "-e none" Disable the escape key. .IP "\fB\-e\fR \s-1KEY\s0" 4 .IX Item "-e KEY" Set the escape key to the given key sequence. The default is \f(CW\*(C`^]\*(C'\fR. To specify the escape key you can use: .RS 4 .ie n .IP """^x""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^x\fR" 4 .IX Item "^x" Control key + \f(CW\*(C`x\*(C'\fR key. .ie n .IP """none""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CWnone\fR" 4 .IX Item "none" \&\fI\-e none\fR means there is no escape key, escapes are disabled. .RE .RS 4 .Sp See \*(L"\s-1ESCAPE KEY\*(R"\s0 below for further information. .RE .IP "\fB\-\-format=raw|qcow2|..\fR" 4 .IX Item "--format=raw|qcow2|.." .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-format\fR" 4 .IX Item "--format" .PD \&\fI\-a\fR オプションは標準状態でディスクイメージの形式を自動検知します。これを使用することにより、コマンドラインで後続の \fI\-a\fR オプションのディスク形式を強制的に指定できます。引数なしで \fI\-\-format\fR を使用することにより、後続の \fI\-a\fR オプションに対して自動検知に戻せます。 .Sp 例: .Sp .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img .Ve .Sp forces raw format (no auto-detection) for \fIdisk.img\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img \-\-format \-a another.img .Ve .Sp forces raw format (no auto-detection) for \fIdisk.img\fR and reverts to auto-detection for \fIanother.img\fR. .Sp 仮想マシンのディスクイメージが信頼できない raw 形式である場合、ディスク形式を指定するためにこのオプションを使用すべきです。これにより、悪意のある仮想マシンにより起こり得るセキュリティ問題を回避できます (\s-1CVE\-2010\-3851\s0)。 .IP "\fB\-i\fR" 4 .IX Item "-i" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-inspector\fR" 4 .IX Item "--inspector" .PD \&\fBvirt\-inspector\fR\|(1) コードを使用すると、オペレーティングシステムを判定するためにディスクを検査します。また、実際の仮想マシンにマウントすることと同じようにファイルシステムをマウントします。 .Sp The filesystems are mounted on \fI/sysroot\fR in the rescue environment. .IP "\fB\-\-memsize\fR \s-1MB\s0" 4 .IX Item "--memsize MB" Change the amount of memory allocated to the rescue system. The default is set by libguestfs and is small but adequate for running system tools. The occasional program might need more memory. The parameter is specified in megabytes. .IP "\fB\-m\fR dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]" 4 .IX Item "-m dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-mount\fR dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]" 4 .IX Item "--mount dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]" .PD Mount the named partition or logical volume on the given mountpoint \fBin the guest\fR (this has nothing to do with mountpoints in the host). .Sp If the mountpoint is omitted, it defaults to \fI/\fR. You have to mount something on \fI/\fR. .Sp The filesystems are mounted under \fI/sysroot\fR in the rescue environment. .Sp マウントパラメーターの三番目の (ほとんど使用されない) 項目は、バックエンドのファイルシステムをマウントするために使用されるマウントオプションの一覧です。これが指定されていない場合、マウントオプションは空文字列または \f(CW\*(C`ro\*(C'\fR (\fI\-\-ro\fR フラグが使用されている場合) になります。 .Sp .Vb 1 \& \-m /dev/sda1:/:acl,user_xattr .Ve .Sp パラメーターの四番目の項目は使用するファイルシステムドライバー (\f(CW\*(C`ext3\*(C'\fR や \f(CW\*(C`ntfs\*(C'\fR など) です。これはほとんど必要ありません。しかし、複数のドライバーがファイルシステムに対して有効である場合 (例: \f(CW\*(C`ext2\*(C'\fR と \f(CW\*(C`ext3\*(C'\fR)、または libguestfs がファイルシステムを誤検知している場合、これは有用です。 .IP "\fB\-\-network\fR" 4 .IX Item "--network" 仮想マシンにおいて \s-1QEMU\s0 のユーザーモードのネットワークを有効にします。 \*(L"\s-1NETWORK\*(R"\s0 参照。 .IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4 .IX Item "-r" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-ro\fR" 4 .IX Item "--ro" .PD イメージを読み込み専用で開きます。 .Sp ディスクイメージまたは仮想マシンが使用中の場合、必ずこのオプションを使用する必要があります。また、ディスクへの書き込みアクセスが不要な場合、このオプションが一般的に推奨されます。 .Sp \&\*(L"\s-1OPENING DISKS FOR READ AND WRITE\*(R"\s0 in \fBguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。 .IP "\fB\-\-scratch\fR" 4 .IX Item "--scratch" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-scratch=N\fR" 4 .IX Item "--scratch=N" .PD \&\fI\-\-scratch\fR オプションにより、大きなスクラッチディスクをレスキュー・アプライアンスに追加できます。\fI\-\-scratch=N\fR により、\f(CW\*(C`N\*(C'\fR 個のスクラッチディスクを追加できます。virt\-rescue が終了するとき、スクラッチディスクは自動的に削除されます。 .Sp \&\fI\-a\fR, \fI\-d\fR および \fI\-\-scratch\fR オプションは混在できます。スクラッチディスクは、これらがコマンドラインに現れる順番で、アプライアンスに追加されます。 .IP "\fB\-\-selinux\fR" 4 .IX Item "--selinux" This option is provided for backwards compatibility and does nothing. .IP "\fB\-\-smp\fR N" 4 .IX Item "--smp N" レスキューアプライアンスにおいて N ≥ 2 仮想 \s-1CPU\s0 を有効にします。 .IP "\fB\-\-suggest\fR" 4 .IX Item "--suggest" This option was used in older versions of virt-rescue to suggest what commands you could use to mount filesystems under \fI/sysroot\fR. For the current version of virt-rescue, it is easier to use the \fI\-i\fR option instead. .Sp このオプションは \fI\-\-ro\fR を意味します。仮想マシンが起動していたり、他の virt-rescue を実行しているときでも安全です。 .IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4 .IX Item "-v" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4 .IX Item "--verbose" .PD デバッグ用の冗長なメッセージを有効にします。 .IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4 .IX Item "-V" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4 .IX Item "--version" .PD バージョン番号を表示して、終了します。 .IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4 .IX Item "-w" .PD 0 .IP "\fB\-\-rw\fR" 4 .IX Item "--rw" .PD ディスクが追加され、読み書き可能でマウントされるよう、 \fI\-a\fR, \fI\-d\fR, \fI\-m\fR オプションを変更します。 .Sp \&\*(L"\s-1OPENING DISKS FOR READ AND WRITE\*(R"\s0 in \fBguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。 .IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4 .IX Item "-x" libguestfs \s-1API\s0 呼び出しのトレースを有効にします。 .SH "旧形式のコマンドライン引数" .IX Header "旧形式のコマンドライン引数" Previous versions of virt-rescue allowed you to write either: .PP .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue disk.img [disk.img ...] .Ve .PP または .PP .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue guestname .Ve .PP whereas in this version you should use \fI\-a\fR or \fI\-d\fR respectively to avoid the confusing case where a disk image might have the same name as a guest. .PP 互換性のため古い形式がまだサポートされています。 .SH "ネットワーク" .IX Header "ネットワーク" Adding the \fI\-\-network\fR option enables \s-1QEMU\s0 user networking in the rescue appliance. There are some differences between user networking and ordinary networking: .IP "ping does not work" 4 .IX Item "ping does not work" Because the \s-1ICMP ECHO_REQUEST\s0 protocol generally requires root in order to send the ping packets, and because virt-rescue must be able to run as non-root, \s-1QEMU\s0 user networking is not able to emulate the \fBping\fR\|(8) command. The ping command will appear to resolve addresses but will not be able to send or receive any packets. This does not mean that the network is not working. .IP "cannot receive connections" 4 .IX Item "cannot receive connections" \&\s-1QEMU\s0 user networking cannot receive incoming connections. .IP "\s-1TCP\s0 接続の作成法" 4 .IX Item "TCP 接続の作成法" The virt-rescue appliance needs to be small and so does not include many network tools. In particular there is no \fBtelnet\fR\|(1) command. You can make \s-1TCP\s0 connections from the shell using the magical \&\fI/dev/tcp//\fR syntax: .Sp .Vb 3 \& exec 3<>/dev/tcp/redhat.com/80 \& echo "GET /" >&3 \& cat <&3 .Ve .Sp 詳細は \fBbash\fR\|(1) 参照。 .SH "ESCAPE KEY" .IX Header "ESCAPE KEY" Virt-rescue supports various keyboard escape sequences which are entered by pressing \f(CW\*(C`^]\*(C'\fR (Control key + \f(CW\*(C`]\*(C'\fR key). .PP You can change the escape key using the \fI\-e\fR option on the command line (see above), and you can disable escapes completely using \fI\-e none\fR. The rest of this section assumes the default escape key. .PP The following escapes can be used: .ie n .IP """^] ?""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] ?\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] ?" .PD 0 .ie n .IP """^] h""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] h\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] h" .PD Prints a brief help text about escape sequences. .ie n .IP """^] i""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] i\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] i" Prints brief libguestfs inspection information for the guest. This only works if you used \fI\-i\fR on the virt-rescue command line. .ie n .IP """^] q""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] q\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] q" .PD 0 .ie n .IP """^] x""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] x\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] x" .PD Quits virt-rescue immediately. .ie n .IP """^] s""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] s\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] s" Synchronize the filesystems (sync). .ie n .IP """^] u""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] u\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] u" Unmounts all the filesystems, except for the root (appliance) filesystems. .ie n .IP """^] z""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] z\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] z" Suspend virt-rescue (like pressing \f(CW\*(C`^Z\*(C'\fR except that it affects virt-rescue rather than the program inside the rescue shell). .ie n .IP """^] ^]""" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW^] ^]\fR" 4 .IX Item "^] ^]" Sends the literal character \f(CW\*(C`^]\*(C'\fR (\s-1ASCII\s0 0x1d) through to the rescue shell. .SH "CAPTURING CORE DUMPS" .IX Header "CAPTURING CORE DUMPS" If you are testing a tool inside virt-rescue and the tool (\fBnot\fR virt-rescue) segfaults, it can be tricky to capture the core dump outside virt-rescue for later analysis. This section describes one way to do this. .IP "1." 4 Create a scratch disk for core dumps: .Sp .Vb 3 \& truncate \-s 4G /tmp/corefiles \& virt\-format \-\-partition=mbr \-\-filesystem=ext2 \-a /tmp/corefiles \& virt\-filesystems \-a /tmp/corefiles \-\-all \-\-long \-h .Ve .IP "2." 4 When starting virt-rescue, attach the core files disk last: .Sp .Vb 1 \& virt\-rescue \-\-rw [\-a ...] \-a /tmp/corefiles .Ve .Sp \&\fB\s-1NB.\s0\fR If you use the \fI\-\-ro\fR option, then virt-rescue will silently not write any core files to \fI/tmp/corefiles\fR. .IP "3." 4 Inside virt-rescue, mount the core files disk. Note replace \fI/dev/sdb1\fR with the last disk index. For example if the core files disk is the last of four disks, you would use \fI/dev/sdd1\fR. .Sp .Vb 2 \& > mkdir /tmp/mnt \& > mount /dev/sdb1 /tmp/mnt .Ve .IP "4." 4 Enable core dumps in the rescue kernel: .Sp .Vb 3 \& > echo \*(Aq/tmp/mnt/core.%p\*(Aq > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern \& > ulimit \-Hc unlimited \& > ulimit \-Sc unlimited .Ve .IP "5." 4 Run the tool that caused the core dump. The core dump will be written to \&\fI/tmp/mnt/core.\fI\s-1PID\s0\fI\fR. .Sp .Vb 4 \& > ls \-l /tmp/mnt \& total 1628 \& \-rw\-\-\-\-\-\-\- 1 root root 1941504 Dec 7 13:13 core.130 \& drwx\-\-\-\-\-\- 2 root root 16384 Dec 7 13:00 lost+found .Ve .IP "6." 4 Before exiting virt-rescue, unmount (or at least sync) the disks: .Sp .Vb 2 \& > umount /tmp/mnt \& > exit .Ve .IP "7." 4 Outside virt-rescue, the core dump(s) can be removed from the disk using \&\fBguestfish\fR\|(1). For example: .Sp .Vb 3 \& guestfish \-\-ro \-a /tmp/corefiles \-m /dev/sda1 \& > ll / \& > download /core.NNN /tmp/core.NNN .Ve .SH "環境変数" .IX Header "環境変数" Several environment variables affect virt-rescue. See \&\*(L"\s-1ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\*(R"\s0 in \fBguestfs\fR\|(3) for the complete list. .SH "ファイル" .IX Header "ファイル" .ie n .IP "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/libguestfs/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\fR/libguestfs/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4 .IX Item "$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/libguestfs/libguestfs-tools.conf" .PD 0 .ie n .IP "$HOME/.libguestfs\-tools.rc" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW$HOME\fR/.libguestfs\-tools.rc" 4 .IX Item "$HOME/.libguestfs-tools.rc" .ie n .IP "$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/libguestfs/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4 .el .IP "\f(CW$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS\fR/libguestfs/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4 .IX Item "$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/libguestfs/libguestfs-tools.conf" .IP "/etc/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4 .IX Item "/etc/libguestfs-tools.conf" .PD This configuration file controls the default read-only or read-write mode (\fI\-\-ro\fR or \fI\-\-rw\fR). .Sp See \fBlibguestfs\-tools.conf\fR\|(5). .SH "関連項目" .IX Header "関連項目" \&\fBguestfs\fR\|(3), \fBguestfish\fR\|(1), \fBvirt\-cat\fR\|(1), \fBvirt\-edit\fR\|(1), \&\fBvirt\-filesystems\fR\|(1), \fBlibguestfs\-tools.conf\fR\|(5), http://libguestfs.org/. .SH "著者" .IX Header "著者" Richard W.M. Jones http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/ .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright (C) 2009\-2019 Red Hat Inc. .SH "LICENSE" .IX Header "LICENSE" .SH "BUGS" .IX Header "BUGS" To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools .PP To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools .PP When reporting a bug, please supply: .IP "\(bu" 4 The version of libguestfs. .IP "\(bu" 4 Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc) .IP "\(bu" 4 Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it. .IP "\(bu" 4 Run \fBlibguestfs\-test\-tool\fR\|(1) and paste the \fBcomplete, unedited\fR output into the bug report.