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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization 3pm"
.TH CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization 3pm "2016-07-22" "perl v5.22.2" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization \- Authorization framework for
CGI::Application
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 3
\& use base qw(CGI::Application);
\& use CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication;
\& use CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization;
\&
\& # default config for runmode authorization
\& _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->config(
\&     DRIVER => [ \*(AqHTGroup\*(Aq, FILE => \*(Aqhtgroup\*(Aq ],
\& );
\&
\& # Using a named configuration to distinguish it from
\& # the above configuration
\& _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->config(
\&     DRIVER => [ \*(AqDBI\*(Aq,
\&         DBH   => $self\->dbh,
\&         TABLES      => [\*(Aquser\*(Aq, \*(Aqaccess\*(Aq],
\&         JOIN_ON     => \*(Aquser.id = access.user_id\*(Aq,
\&         CONSTRAINTS => {
\&             \*(Aquser.name\*(Aq      => \*(Aq_\|_USERNAME_\|_\*(Aq,
\&             \*(Aqaccess.table\*(Aq   => \*(Aq_\|_PARAM_1_\|_\*(Aq,
\&             \*(Aqaccess.item_id\*(Aq => \*(Aq_\|_PARAM_2_\|_\*(Aq
\&         }
\&     ],
\& );
\&
\& sub admin_runmode {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&
\&    # User must be in the admin group to have access to this runmode
\&    return $self\->authz\->forbidden unless $self\->authz\->authorize(\*(Aqadmin\*(Aq);
\&
\&    # rest of the runmode
\&    ...
\& }
\&
\& sub update_widget {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&    my $widget = $self\->query\->param(\*(Aqwidget_id\*(Aq);
\&
\&    # Can this user edit this widget in the widgets table?
\&    return $self\->authz\->forbidden unless $self\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->authorize(widgets => $widget);
\&
\&    # save changes to the widget
\&    ...
\& }
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization adds the ability to authorize users for
specific tasks.  Once a user has been authenticated and you know who you are
dealing with, you can then use this plugin to control what that user has access
to.  It imports two methods (\f(CW\*(C`authz\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`authorization\*(C'\fR) into your
CGI::Application module.  Both of these methods are interchangeable, so you
should choose one and use it consistently throughout your code.  Through the
authz method you can call all the methods of the
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization plugin.
.SS "Named Configurations"
.IX Subsection "Named Configurations"
There could be multiple ways that you may want to authorize actions in
different parts of your code.  These differences may conflict with each other.
For example you may have runmode level authorization that requires that the
user belongs to a certain group.  But secondly, you may have row level database
authorization that requires that the username column of the table contains the
name of the current user.  These configurations would conflict with each other
since they are authorizing using different information.  To solve this you can
create multiple named configurations, by specifying a unique name to the
c<authz> method.
.PP
.Vb 5
\& _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->config(
\&     DRIVER => [ \*(AqDBI\*(Aq, ... ],
\& );
\& # later
\& $self\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->authorize(widgets => $widget_id);
.Ve
.SH "EXPORTED METHODS"
.IX Header "EXPORTED METHODS"
.SS "authz \-and\- authorization"
.IX Subsection "authz -and- authorization"
These methods are interchangeable and provided for users that either prefer
brevity, or clarity.  Everything is controlled through this method call, which
will return a CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization object, or just the class
name if called as a class method.  When using the plugin, you will always first
call \f(CW$self\fR\->authz or _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz and then the method you wish to invoke.
You can create multiple named authorization modules by providing a unique name
to the call to authz.  This will allow you to handle different types of
authorization in your modules.  For example, you could use the main
configuration to do runmode level authorization, and use a named configuration
to manage database row level authorization.
.SH "METHODS"
.IX Header "METHODS"
.SS "config"
.IX Subsection "config"
This method is used to configure the CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization
module.  It can be called as an object method, or as a class method.
.PP
The following parameters are accepted:
.IP "\s-1DRIVER\s0" 4
.IX Item "DRIVER"
Here you can choose which authorization module(s) you want to use to perform
the authorization.  For simplicity, you can leave off the
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization::Driver:: part when specifying the
\&\s-1DRIVER\s0 parameter.  If this module requires extra parameters, you can pass an
array reference that contains as the first parameter the name of the module,
and the required parameters as the rest of the array.  You can provide multiple
drivers which will be used, in order, to check the permissions until a valid
response is received.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  DRIVER => [ \*(AqDBI\*(Aq, dbh => $self\->dbh ],
\&
\&  \- or \-
\&
\&  DRIVER => [
\&    [ \*(AqHTGroup\*(Aq, file => \*(Aq.htgroup\*(Aq ],
\&    [ \*(AqLDAP\*(Aq, binddn => \*(Aq...\*(Aq, host => \*(Aqlocalhost\*(Aq, ... ]
\&  ],
.Ve
.IP "\s-1FORBIDDEN_RUNMODE\s0" 4
.IX Item "FORBIDDEN_RUNMODE"
Here you can specify a runmode that the user will be redirected to if they fail
the authorization checks.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  FORBIDDEN_RUNMODE => \*(Aqforbidden\*(Aq
.Ve
.IP "\s-1FORBIDDEN_URL\s0" 4
.IX Item "FORBIDDEN_URL"
If your forbidden page is external to this module, then you can use this option
to specify a \s-1URL\s0 that the user will be redirected to when they fail the
authorization checks. If both \s-1FORBIDDEN_URL\s0 and \s-1FORBIDDEN_RUNMODE\s0 are
specified, then the latter will take precedence.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  FORBIDDEN_URL => \*(Aqhttp://example.com/forbidden.html\*(Aq
.Ve
.IP "\s-1GET_USERNAME\s0" 4
.IX Item "GET_USERNAME"
This option allows you to provide a method that should return us the username
of the currently logged in user.  It will be passed the current authz objects
as the only parameter.  This is not a required option, and can be omitted if
you use the Authentication plugin, or if your authentication system sets
\&\f(CW$ENV\fR{\s-1REMOTE_USER\s0}.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\&  GET_USERNAME => sub { my $authz = shift; return $authz\->cgiapp\->my_username }
.Ve
.SS "authz_runmodes"
.IX Subsection "authz_runmodes"
This method takes a list of runmodes that are to be authorized, and
the authorization rules for said runmodes.  If a user tries to access
one of these runmodes, then they will be redirected to the forbidden
page unless authorization is granted.
.PP
The runmode names can be simple strings, regular expressions, coderefs
(which are passed the name of the runmode as their only parameter), or
special directives that start with a colon.
.PP
The authorization rules can be simple strings representing the name of
the group that the user must be a member of, as a list-ref of group
names (of which the user only has to be a member of \fBany one of the
groups\fR, or as a code-ref that will be called (with \fIno\fR parameters).
.PP
This method is cumulative, so if it is called multiple times, the new
values are appended to the list of existing entries.  It returns a list
containing all of the entries that have been configured thus far.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1NOTE:\s0\fR compatibility with the interface as was defined in 0.06 \fBis\fR
preserved.  0.06 allowed for runmodes to be passed in as a list-ref of
two-element lists to specify authorization rules.  Although this
interface is supported, the extra list-refs aren't necessary.
.IP ":all \- All runmodes in this module will require authorization" 4
.IX Item ":all - All runmodes in this module will require authorization"
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  # match all runmodes
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&      \*(Aq:all\*(Aq => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq,
\&      );
\&
\&  # only protect runmodes one and two
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&      one => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq,
\&      two => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq,
\&      );
\&
\&  # protect only runmodes that start with auth_
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&      qr/^authz_/ => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq,
\&      );
\&
\&  # protect all runmodes that *do not* start with public_
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&      qr/^(?!public_)/ => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq,
\&      );
\&
\&  # preserve the interface from 0.06:
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&      [\*(Aq:all\*(Aq => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq],
\&      );
.Ve
.SS "is_authz_runmode"
.IX Subsection "is_authz_runmode"
This method accepts the name of a runmode, and if that runmode requires
authorization (ie the user needs to be a member of a particular group
or has to satisfy some other authorization rule) then this method
returns the corresponding authorization rule which must be satisfied
(which could be either a scalar, a list-ref, or a code-ref, depending
on how the rules were defined).
.SS "new"
.IX Subsection "new"
This method creates a new CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization object.
It requires as it's only parameter a CGI::Application object.  This method
should never be called directly, since the \f(CW\*(C`authz\*(C'\fR method that is imported
into the CGI::Application module will take care of creating the
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization object when it is required.
.SS "instance"
.IX Subsection "instance"
This method works the same way as \f(CW\*(C`new\*(C'\fR, except that it returns the same
Authorization object for the duration of the request.  This method should never
be called directly, since the \f(CW\*(C`authz\*(C'\fR method that is imported into the
CGI::Application module will take care of creating the
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization object when it is required.
.SS "authorize"
.IX Subsection "authorize"
This method will test to see if the current user has access to the given
resource.  It will take the given parameters and test them against the \s-1DRIVER\s0
classes that have been configured.  A true return value means the user should
have access to the given resource.
.PP
.Vb 4
\& # is the current user in the admin group
\& if ($self\->authz\->authorize(\*(Aqadmingroup\*(Aq)) {
\&    # perform an admin action
\& }
.Ve
.SS "username"
.IX Subsection "username"
This method will return the name of the currently logged in user.  It uses
three different methods to figure out the username:
.IP "\s-1GET_USERNAME\s0 option" 4
.IX Item "GET_USERNAME option"
Use the subroutine provided by the \s-1GET_USERNAME\s0 option to figure out the
current username
.IP "CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication" 4
.IX Item "CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication"
See if the CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication plugin is being used,
and retrieve the username through this plugin
.IP "\s-1REMOTE_USER\s0" 4
.IX Item "REMOTE_USER"
See if the \s-1REMOTE_USER\s0 environment variable is set and use that value
.SS "drivers"
.IX Subsection "drivers"
This method will return a list of driver objects that are used for
this authorization instance.
.SS "cgiapp"
.IX Subsection "cgiapp"
This will return the underlying CGI::Application object.
.SS "setup_runmodes"
.IX Subsection "setup_runmodes"
This method is called during the prerun stage to register some custom
runmodes that the Authentication plugin requires in order to function.
.SH "CGI::Application CALLBACKS"
.IX Header "CGI::Application CALLBACKS"
We'll automatically add the \f(CW\*(C`authz_forbidden\*(C'\fR run mode if you are using
CGI::Application 4.0 or greater.
.PP
If you are using an older version of CGI::Application you will need to add it yourself.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& sub cgiapp_prerun {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&
\&    $self\->run_modes( authz_forbidden => \e&CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization::authz_forbidden, );
\& }
.Ve
.SS "prerun_callback"
.IX Subsection "prerun_callback"
This method is a CGI::Application prerun callback that will be
automatically registered for you if you are using CGI::Application
4.0 or greater.  If you are using an older version of CGI::Application
you will have to create your own cgiapp_prerun method and make sure you
call this method from there.
.PP
.Vb 2
\& sub cgiapp_prerun {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&
\&    $self\->CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization::prerun_callback();
\& }
.Ve
.SS "redirect_to_forbidden"
.IX Subsection "redirect_to_forbidden"
This method is be called during the prerun stage if
the current user is not authorized, and they are trying to
access an authz runmode.  It will redirect to the page
that has been configured as the forbidden page, based on the value
of \s-1FORBIDDEN_RUNMODE\s0 or \s-1FORBIDDEN_URL \s0 If nothing is configured
then the default forbidden page will be used.
.SS "forbidden"
.IX Subsection "forbidden"
This will return a forbidden page.  It checks the configuration to see if there
is a custom runmode or \s-1URL\s0 to redirect to, otherwise it calls the builtin
authz_forbidden runmode.
.SH "CGI::Application RUNMODES"
.IX Header "CGI::Application RUNMODES"
.SS "authz_forbidden"
.IX Subsection "authz_forbidden"
This runmode is provided if you do not want to create your own forbidden
runmode.  It will display a simple error page to the user.
.SS "authz_dummy_redirect"
.IX Subsection "authz_dummy_redirect"
This runmode is provided for convenience when an external redirect needs
to be done.  It just returns an empty string.
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.IX Header "EXAMPLE"
In a CGI::Application module:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  package MyCGIApp;
\&
\&  use base qw(CGI::Application);
\&  use CGI::Application::Plugin::AutoRunmode;
\&  use CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication;
\&  use CGI::Application::Plugin::Authorization;
\&  
\&  # Configure Authentication
\&  MyCGIApp\->authen\->config(
\&        DRIVER => \*(AqDummy\*(Aq,
\&  );
\&  MyCGIApp\->authen\->protected_runmodes(qr/^admin_/);
\&
\&  # Configure Authorization (manages runmode authorization)
\&  MyCGIApp\->authz\->config(
\&      DRIVER => [ \*(AqDBI\*(Aq,
\&          DBH         => $self\->dbh,
\&          TABLES      => [\*(Aquser\*(Aq, \*(Aqusergroup\*(Aq, \*(Aqgroup\*(Aq],
\&          JOIN_ON     => \*(Aquser.id = usergroup.user_id AND usergroup.group_id = group.id\*(Aq,
\&          CONSTRAINTS => {
\&             \*(Aquser.name\*(Aq  => \*(Aq_\|_USERNAME_\|_\*(Aq,
\&             \*(Aqgroup.name\*(Aq => \*(Aq_\|_GROUP_\|_\*(Aq,
\&          }
\&      ],
\&  );
\&  MyCGIApp\->authz\->authz_runmodes(
\&     [a_runmode => \*(Aqa_group\*(Aq],
\&     [qr/^admin_/ => \*(Aqadmin\*(Aq],
\&     [\*(Aq:all\*(Aq => \*(Aqall_group\*(Aq],
\&     [sub {my $rm = shift; return ($rm eq "dangerous_rm")} => \*(Aqsuper_group\*(Aq],
\&  );
\&
\&  # Configure second Authorization module using a named configuration
\&  _\|_PACKAGE_\|_\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->config(
\&      DRIVER => [ \*(AqDBI\*(Aq,
\&          DBH   => $self\->dbh,
\&          TABLES      => [\*(Aquser\*(Aq, \*(Aqaccess\*(Aq],
\&          JOIN_ON     => \*(Aquser.id = access.user_id\*(Aq,
\&          CONSTRAINTS => {
\&              \*(Aquser.name\*(Aq      => \*(Aq_\|_USERNAME_\|_\*(Aq,
\&              \*(Aqaccess.table\*(Aq   => \*(Aq_\|_PARAM_1_\|_\*(Aq,
\&              \*(Aqaccess.item_id\*(Aq => \*(Aq_\|_PARAM_2_\|_\*(Aq
\&          }
\&      ],
\&  );
\&
\&  sub start : Runmode {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&
\&  }
\&
\&  sub admin_one : Runmode {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&    # The user will only get here if they are logged in and
\&    # belong to the admin group
\&
\&  }
\&
\&  sub admin_widgets : Runmode {
\&    my $self = shift;
\&    # The user will only get here if they are logged in and
\&    # belong to the admin group
\&
\&    # Can this user edit this widget in the widgets table?
\&    my $widget_id = $self\->query\->param(\*(Aqwidget_id\*(Aq);
\&    return $self\->authz\->forbidden unless $self\->authz(\*(Aqdbaccess\*(Aq)\->authorize(widgets => $widget_id);
\&    
\&  }
.Ve
.SH "TODO"
.IX Header "TODO"
The module is definitely in a usable state, but there are still some parts
missing that I would like to add in:
.IP "provide easy methods for authorizing runmode access automatically" 4
.IX Item "provide easy methods for authorizing runmode access automatically"
.PD 0
.IP "allow subroutine attributes to configure authorization for a runmode" 4
.IX Item "allow subroutine attributes to configure authorization for a runmode"
.IP "write a tutorial/cookbook to include with the docs" 4
.IX Item "write a tutorial/cookbook to include with the docs"
.PD
.SH "BUGS"
.IX Header "BUGS"
This is alpha software and as such, the features and interface are subject to
change.  So please check the Changes file when upgrading.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
CGI::Application::Plugin::Authentication, CGI::Application, \fIperl\fR\|(1)
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Cees Hek <ceeshek@gmail.com>
.SH "CREDITS"
.IX Header "CREDITS"
Thanks to SiteSuite (http://www.sitesuite.com.au) for funding the development
of this plugin and for releasing it to the world.
.SH "LICENCE AND COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "LICENCE AND COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (c) 2005, SiteSuite. All rights reserved.
.PP
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself.
.SH "DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY"
.IX Header "DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY"
\&\s-1BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
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PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE,
YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.\s0
.PP
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LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR
THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE\s0),
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