'\" t
.\"     Title: pwconv
.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\"      Date: 07/02/2020
.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.8.1
.\"  Language: Italian
.\"
.TH "PWCONV" "8" "07/02/2020" "shadow\-utils 4\&.8\&.1" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
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.el       .ds Aq '
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.SH "NOME"
pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow\&.
.SH "SINOSSI"
.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
\fBpwconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
.PP
The
\fBpwconv\fR
command creates
\fIshadow\fR
from
\fIpasswd\fR
and an optionally existing
\fIshadow\fR\&.
.PP
The
\fBpwunconv\fR
command creates
\fIpasswd\fR
from
\fIpasswd\fR
and
\fIshadow\fR
and then removes
\fIshadow\fR\&.
.PP
The
\fBgrpconv\fR
command creates
\fIgshadow\fR
from
\fIgroup\fR
and an optionally existing
\fIgshadow\fR\&.
.PP
The
\fBgrpunconv\fR
command creates
\fIgroup\fR
from
\fIgroup\fR
and
\fIgshadow\fR
and then removes
\fIgshadow\fR\&.
.PP
These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
/etc/passwd,
/etc/group,
/etc/shadow, and
/etc/gshadow\&.
.PP
Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
\fBpwconv\fR
and
\fBgrpconv\fR
are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
.PP
\fBpwconv\fR
will use the values of
\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
from
/etc/login\&.defs
when adding new entries to
/etc/shadow\&.
.PP
Likewise
\fBpwunconv\fR
and
\fBgrpunconv\fR
are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
.SH "OPZIONI"
.PP
The options which apply to the
\fBpwconv\fR,
\fBpwunconv\fR,
\fBgrpconv\fR, and
\fBgrpunconv\fR
commands are:
.PP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
.RS 4
Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
.RE
.PP
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
.RS 4
Apply changes in the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory and use the configuration files from the
\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
directory\&.
.RE
.SH "ERRORI"
.PP
Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
\fBpwck\fR
and
\fBgrpck\fR
to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
.PP
The following configuration variable in
/etc/login\&.defs
changes the behavior of
\fBgrpconv\fR
and
\fBgrpunconv\fR:
.PP
\fBMAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP\fR (number)
.RS 4
Maximum members per group entry\&. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in
/etc/group
(with the same name, same password, and same GID)\&.
.sp
Il valore predefinito \(`e 0, che non pone nessun limite al numero di membri per gruppo\&.
.sp
Questa opzione (dividi gruppo) permette di limitare la lunghezza delle righe nel file \(Fogroup\(Fc\&. Questo \(`e utile per essere certi che le righe per gruppi NIS non eccedano i 1024 caratteri\&.
.sp
Se si deve impostare questo limite, si pu\(`o usare 25\&.
.sp
Nota: la divisione dei gruppi potrebbe non essere supportata da ogni strumento (anche all\*(Aqinterno del pacchetto Shadow)\&. Non si dovrebbe utilizzare questa variabile a meno di esserci forzati\&.
.RE
.PP
The following configuration variables in
/etc/login\&.defs
change the behavior of
\fBpwconv\fR:
.PP
\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR (number)
.RS 4
Il numero massimo di giorni che una password pu\(`o essere utilizzata\&. Se la password \(`e pi\(`u vecchia verr\(`a imposto il suo cambiamento\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR (number)
.RS 4
Il numero minimo di giorni tra due cambiamenti di password\&. Ogni tentativo di cambiare la password prima di questo periodo verr\(`a rifiutato\&. Se non specificato viene assunto \-1 (che disabilita questo controllo)\&.
.RE
.PP
\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR (number)
.RS 4
Il numero di giorni per i quali un utente va avvisato che la sua password sta per scadere\&. Se zero l\*(Aqutente viene avvisato solo alla scadenza\&. Un valore negativo indica che non si deve avvisare mai\&. Se non specificato allora non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun avviso\&.
.RE
.SH "FILE"
.PP
/etc/login\&.defs
.RS 4
Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
.RE
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.PP
\fBgrpck\fR(8),
\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.