NAME¶

nbdkit-cow-filter - nbdkit copy-on-write (COW) filter

SYNOPSIS¶

 nbdkit --filter=cow plugin [plugin-args...]

DESCRIPTION¶

"nbdkit-cow-filter" is a filter that makes a temporary writable copy on top of a read-only plugin. It can be used to enable writes for plugins which only implement read-only access. Note that:

• Anything written is thrown away as soon as nbdkit exits.
• All connections to the nbdkit instance see the same view of the disk.

  This is different from nbd-server(1) where each connection sees its own copy-on-write overlay and simply disconnecting the client throws that away. It also allows us to create diffs, see below.

• The plugin is opened read-only (as if the -r flag was passed), but you should not pass the -r flag to nbdkit.
• Note that the use of this filter rounds the image size down to a multiple of the caching granularity (4096), to ease the implementation. If you need to round the image size up instead to access the last few bytes, combine this filter with nbdkit-truncate-filter(1).

Limitations of the filter include:

• The underlying file/device must not be resized.
• The underlying plugin must behave “normally”, meaning that it must serve the same data to each client.

PARAMETERS¶

cow-on-cache=true

Treat a client cache request as a shortcut for copying unmodified data from the plugin to the overlay, rather than the default of passing cache requests on to the plugin. This parameter defaults to false (which leaves the overlay as small as possible), but setting it can be useful for converting cache commands into a form of copy-on-read behavior, in addition to the filter's normal copy-on-write semantics.

EXAMPLES¶

Serve the file disk.img, allowing writes, but do not save any changes into the file:

 nbdkit --filter=cow file disk.img

nbdkit-xz-filter(1) only supports read access, but you can provide temporary write access by doing (although this does not save changes to the file):

 nbdkit --filter=cow --filter=xz file disk.xz

CREATING A DIFF WITH QEMU-IMG¶

Although nbdkit-cow-filter itself cannot save the differences, it is possible to do this using an obscure feature of qemu-img(1). nbdkit must remain continuously running during the whole operation, otherwise all changes will be lost.

Run nbdkit:

 nbdkit --filter=cow file disk.img

and then connect with a client and make whatever changes you need. At the end, disconnect the client.

Run these "qemu-img" commands to construct a qcow2 file containing the differences:

 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b nbd:localhost diff.qcow2
 qemu-img rebase -b disk.img diff.qcow2

diff.qcow2 now contains the differences between the base (disk.img) and the changes stored in nbdkit-cow-filter. "nbdkit" can now be killed.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES¶

"TMPDIR"

The copy-on-write changes are stored in a temporary file located in /var/tmp by default. You can override this location by setting the "TMPDIR" environment variable before starting nbdkit.

FILES¶

$filterdir/nbdkit-cow-filter.so

The filter.

Use "nbdkit --dump-config" to find the location of $filterdir.

VERSION¶

"nbdkit-cow-filter" first appeared in nbdkit 1.2.

SEE ALSO¶

nbdkit(1), nbdkit-file-plugin(1), nbdkit-truncate-filter(1), nbdkit-xz-filter(1), nbdkit-filter(3), qemu-img(1).

AUTHORS¶

Eric Blake

Richard W.M. Jones

COPYRIGHT¶

Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat Inc.

LICENSE¶

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
• Neither the name of Red Hat nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY RED HAT AND CONTRIBUTORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL RED HAT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.